Smelling Excitement in the Antennal Lobe

In the fly antennal lobe projection neurons receive odor information from olfactory sensory neurons and transmit it to higher brain centers. However, projection neurons respond differently to odors than sensory neurons, despite the fact that they appear to have one-to-one connectivity. now describe the existence of excitatory neurons within the antennal lobe that may account for some of these unexplained differences.