Author/Authors :
Hachung Chung، نويسنده , , Sünje J. Pamp، نويسنده , , Jonathan A. Hill، نويسنده , , Neeraj K. Surana، نويسنده , , Sanna M. Edelman، نويسنده , , Erin B. Troy، نويسنده , , Nicola C. Reading، نويسنده , , Eduardo J. Villablanca، نويسنده , , Sen Wang، نويسنده , , Jorge R. Mora، نويسنده , , Yoshinori Umesaki، نويسنده , , Diane Mathis، نويسنده , , Christophe Benoist، نويسنده , , David A. Relman، نويسنده , , Dennis L. Kasper، نويسنده ,
Abstract :
Gut microbial induction of host immune maturation exemplifies host-microbe mutualism. We colonized germ-free (GF) mice with mouse microbiota (MMb) or human microbiota (HMb) to determine whether small intestinal immune maturation depends on a coevolved host-specific microbiota. Gut bacterial numbers and phylum abundance were similar in MMb and HMb mice, but bacterial species differed, especially the Firmicutes. HMb mouse intestines had low levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, few proliferating T cells, few dendritic cells, and low antimicrobial peptide expression—all characteristics of GF mice. Rat microbiota also failed to fully expand intestinal T cell numbers in mice. Colonizing GF or HMb mice with mouse-segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) partially restored T cell numbers, suggesting that SFB and other MMb organisms are required for full immune maturation in mice. Importantly, MMb conferred better protection against Salmonella infection than HMb. A host-specific microbiota appears to be critical for a healthy immune system.
