Modified carbon-wax composite electrodes

Chemically-modified carbon-wax composite electrodes were fabricated by incorporating appropriate quantities of model modifiers into melted wax/graphite-powder mixtures prior to the solidification step. Such melting and solidification processes result in homogeneous dispersion of the modifier and mechanical rigidity of the surface. It also maintains the attractive features of analogous carbon paste electrodes, including low background current, flexible modifier loading, surface renewal, speed and low cost. The compatibility of different modifiers with carbon-wax composites is illustrated in connection with preconcentrating/voltammetric measurements of nickel and copper at DMG- and cation-exchanger resin containing surfaces, as well as electrocatalytic monitoring of hydrazines, oxalic acid or butanone peroxide at cobaltphthalocyanine and metalized carbon-based composites.