Laser desorption–ionization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from glass surfaces with ion mobility spectrometry analysis Original Research Article

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed as adsorbates on borosilicate glass at levels from 40 pg (5.5 pg mm−2) to 7 μg (1 μg mm−2) using laser desorption–ionization (LDI) in air at ambient pressure and 100 °C with ion characterization by mobility spectrometry. Gas-phase positive ions with distinctive mobilities were produced from six PAHs using an unfocused beam at 266 nm, 6 mJ pulse−1 and 10 Hz from a Nd–YAG laser. The ions produced were identified as M+ using mass spectrometry (MS) with a LDI source at atmospheric pressure. The mobility spectrometry drift tube provided low memory effects and allowed observation of time-resolved intensity profiles for ion signals, and changes in this behavior with loading level suggested intermolecular interactions from multilayer formation. Mobility peaks were broader than those seen in gas-phase reactions, and this was attributed to Coulombic repulsion caused by the small volume near the surface where ionization would take place. An ion shutter in the drift tube could be synchronized with the laser pulse to offer additional specificity using tandem mobility separation; further, resolution was improved in mixtures of PAHs with similar mobilities. Negative ions were also detected, though these were mass-identified as ions formed from air through the capture of electrons released from the PAHs; no M−-ions were observed in air. Limits of detection ranged from sub-pg to low-ng for individual PAHs.