Dual amperometric–potentiometric biosensor detection system for monitoring organophosphorus neurotoxins Original Research Article

A dual-transducer flow-injection biosensor detection system for monitoring organophosphorus (OP) neurotoxins is described. Such simultaneous use of different physical transducers in connection to the same (organophosphorous hydrolase (OPH)) enzyme enhances the information content and provides discrimination between various subclasses of OP compounds. While the potentiometric biosensor responds favorably to all OP compounds, reflecting the pH changes associated with the OPH activity, the amperometric device displays well-defined signals only towards OP substrates (pesticides) liberating the oxidizable p-nitrophenol product. The potentiometric detection has been accomplished with a silicon-based pH-sensitive electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) transducer, operated in the constant-capacitance (ConCap) mode. Both transducers are prepared by a thin-film fabrication technology, and respond rapidly and independently to sudden changes in the level of the corresponding OP compound, with no apparent cross reactivity. Relevant experimental variables were evaluated and optimized. Such development holds great promise for field screening of OP neurotoxins in connection to various defense and environmental scenarios. The multiple-transduction concept could be extended for increasing the information content of other ‘class-enzyme’ biosensor systems.