Optical behaviour of pH detectors based on sol–gel technology Original Research Article

Acidity is an outstanding parameter that affect the correct preservation of most part of materials engaged in artworks and heritage objects. In spite of the new generation of advanced analytical devices, the conservation/heritage management sector claims for some kind of simple, robust and low-cost device to monitor environmental acidity wherever necessary. The purpose of this paper is to offer a suitable alternative for the estimation of environmental acidity by means of detectors to be used without electrodes, solutions, pH meters, wires or batteries. Doped sol–gel thin coatings have been used as transductors for producing pH detectors. The coatings consist of a partially densified polysiloxane network and an organic dye sensitive to pH changes. The siloxane network behaves as a host for immobilisation of the dye molecules, in such a way that chemical–optical properties of the dye are preserved as far as possible. The transductors were applied on common glass substrates by dipping. Further heat-treatment allows the coating partial densification. The optical response of the detectors was analysed by VIS absorption spectroscopy, since a change of colour took place when the detectors were submitted to different pH buffered solutions. With the aim to investigate their optical behaviour as a function of pH, several experimental measurements were undertaken: absorption intensity; maximum spectral wavelength; colour coordinates; colour purity percentages. Time response and memory effect were also studied. The detector operation conditions for monitoring environmental acidity both indoor and outdoor are discussed.