Calibrated models of on-site power and steam production in US manufacturing industries

This paper presents models for on-site electricity and steam generation technologies in the US paper, petroleum, and chemical industries in 1998, calibrated against several federal data sources. Our models of six energy conversion modes provide estimates of energy inputs, thermal and electricity outputs, and recovered waste heat for boilers and for steam turbines, gas turbines and internal combustion prime movers used in these industries. Our results include electric conversion and waste heat recovery efficiencies for each prime mover, and overall conversion efficiencies for on-site power and steam production in these industries.