Nanocomposite toughness from a pull-out mechanism

We quantify nanocomposite toughness through a reanalysis for nanotubes of the Cottrell–Kelly–Tyson (CKT) model, of the definition of critical length, and of the energy dissipation model for pull-out. The effect of the hollow cylindrical geometry of nanotubes is discussed, followed by an examination of proper ways to compare energy dissipation at the nano and micro levels.