On parameter estimation of MIMO flat-fading channels with frequency offsets

We address the frequency offsets and channel gains estimation problem for a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) flat-fading channel using a training sequence. The general case where the frequency offsets are possibly different for each transmit antenna is considered. The Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for the problem at hand is derived. Additionally, we present a simple, closed-form expression for the large-sample CRB and show that it depends in a simple way on the channel parameters. Next, the parameters estimation issue is investigated. First, the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), which entails solving an n-dimensional maximization problem where n is the number of transmit antennas, is derived. Then, we show that the likelihood function can be written as the product of n one-dimensional (1-D) functions if a suitable choice of the training sequence is made. Based on this fact, we suggest two computationally simpler methods. Numerical examples that illustrate the performance of the estimators and compare it with the CRB are provided.