Monopole interaction in atomic nuclei

We have studied roles of monopole interaction, the lowest order component of nucleon–nucleon interaction. The monopole strengths appear in the formulation of single-particle energy, and the formulation enables us for the first time to discuss shell-structure evolution quantitatively. It is also shown that binding energies arise mainly from triplet-even central interaction, and those due to two-body nuclear interaction are well approximated by single-particle energies.