Structural and morphological characterization of Pb1−xBaxTiO3 thin films prepared by chemical route: An investigation of phase transition

Detailed room temperature micro-Raman scattering, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and specular reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy studies were carried out on soft chemical by processed Pb1−xBaxTiO3 thin films. The micro-Raman spectra pointed the existence of a stable tetragonal ferroelectric phase in the entire composition range (0 < x ≤ 1). The infrared reflectance spectra showed that the frequency of several peaks decreases as the Ba2+ concentration increases. These features are correlated to a decrease in the tetragonal distortion of the TiO6 octahedra as the Ba2+ concentration increases. Furthermore, as x increases from 0.70 to 1.0, the Raman spectrum shows an evolution towards the well-known Raman spectrum of the tetragonal BaTiO3. Therefore, we demonstrated that the combination of solid solution PbTiO3–BaTiO3 with a grain size in the order of 30–40 nm supports the tetragonal ferroelectric phase at room temperature.