The use of forging simulation tools

The paper reviews briefly the origins of plasticity theory and its application to the forging process; including the demise of some procedures. The paper then focuses on the use of numerical modelling/simulation tools and their application and future potential for the forging industry. This includes the results of research by the authors and others into the usability aspects of these techniques. Some of the limitations of current commercial software are discussed, thus, suggesting a future research agenda.