Potential of particle and fibre reinforcement of tyre tread elastomers

In an attempt to increase resilience and reduce energy losses in tyre materials, glass and carbon fibres, as well as granular material (sand), were studied as possible reinforcements for treads. The matrix was either natural or synthetic rubber with either carbon black or silica. It was found that beach sand is an effective promoter of resilience, particularly in the case of a natural rubber matrix with either carbon black or silica. The best result was obtained with carbon black and 6% sand impregnated with an adhesive. Tests were carried out to determine Youngʹs modulus in tension and compression. The three reinforcing materials increased both moduli, as well as Shore hardness. Tests were also performed to determine friction coefficients against dry pavement and also to obtain a rough estimate of wear resistance.