Computations of film boiling. Part II: multi-mode film boiling

Film boiling on horizontal periodic surfaces is investigated by direct numerical simulations. A front tracking/finite difference technique is used to solve the momentum and the energy equations in both phases and to account for inertia, viscosity, and surface deformation. Effect of the unit cell size W on the interface dynamics, heat transfer, and fluid flow is studied for different wall superheats. The simulations are carried out over sufficiently long times to capture several bubble release cycles and to evaluate the quasi steady-state Nusselt number image. While instantaneous Nusselt number will change as result of a change in the system size, statistically steady-state Nusselt number remains almost the same. Simulations of two-dimensional systems in large unit cells, 5λd2 < W < 10λd2, show a distribution of bubble spacing in the range of 0.61λd2–1.46λd2. At relatively low superheats (Ja ⩽ 0.064) the bubbles are released periodically from the vapor film, but at intermediate superheats (0.064 < Ja < 2.13) permanent vapor jets are formed with no bubble break off. At sufficiently high superheats, the vapor jets start to interact. It is shown that the average bubble spacing does not change with changes in the wall superheat.