Experimental and theoretical studies of thermal conductivity, viscosity and heat transfer coefficient of titania and alumina nanofluids

Thermal conductivity, viscosity and heat transfer coefficient of water-based alumina and titania nanofluids have been investigated. The thermal conductivity of alumina nanofluids follow the prediction of Maxwell model, whilst that of titania nanofluids is slightly lower than model prediction because of high concentration of stabilisers. None of investigated nanofluids show anomalously high thermal conductivity enhancement frequently reported in literature. The viscosity of alumina and titania nanofluids was higher than the prediction of Einstein–Batchelor model due to aggregation. Heat transfer coefficients measured in nanofluids flowing through the straight pipes are in a very good agreement with heat transfer coefficients predicted from classical correlation developed for simple fluids. Experimental heat transfer coefficients in both nanofluids as well as corresponding wall temperatures agree within ±10% with the values obtained from numerical simulations employing homogeneous flow model with effective thermo-physical properties of nanofluids. These results clearly shows that titania and alumina nano-fluids do not show unusual enhancement of thermal conductivity nor heat transfer coefficients in pipe flow frequently reported in literature.