Penarolide Sulfates A1 and A2, New α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from a Marine Sponge Penares sp.

Penarolide sulfates A1 (1) and A2 (2) have been isolated as α-glucosidase inhibitors from a marine sponge Penares sp. Their structures including absolute stereochemistry were determined to be unique 30- and 31-membered macrolides encompassing a proline residue and three sulfate groups by interpretation of spectral data and chemical degradation. Penarolide sulfates A1 (1) and A2 (2) inhibit α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 1.2 and 1.5 μg/mL, respectively.