Measurements of plastic strain around indentations caused by the impact of round and angular particles, and the origin of erosion

The aim of this paper is to examine plastic strain distributions around indentations and to consider the mechanisms of erosion damage caused by solid particle impact. A WC ball and an angular SiC particle of 3 mm in diameter were used to compare the effect of particle shape on plastic strain. Measurements of principal shearing strain distributions around the indentations were performed on surfaces of aluminum, iron and cast iron at impact angles of 20°, 30°, 40°, 60° and 90° at impact velocities from 50 to 200 m s−1. It was found that the impact angle dependence was roughly consistent with the maximum principal shearing strain and erosion damage data, which have been published in previous papers and obtained during additional works in this study. The surface topography of the impact craters suggested that depth, contact area and volume of indentation are affected by the particle density and the hardness of both particle and target material. Measurements of volume ratio of lips to craters proved that material removal did not necessarily occur at a single impact of the WC ball, but occurred at the impact of the angular SiC particle at low impact angles. It is concluded that the origin of erosion is probably attributed to the conjoint actions of high plastic strains followed by subsequent removal and the cutting process caused by particle impact.