Creep forces in simulations of traction vehicles running on adhesion limit

A necessary condition for complex simulations of vehicle system dynamics including drive dynamics and traction control when running on adhesion limit, is an advanced creep force modelling taking large longitudinal creep into account. A method presented in the article allows to simulate various real wheel–rail contact conditions using one parameter set. The parameters can be identified from measurements or the recommended parameters for modelling of typical wheel–rail contact conditions in engineering applications can be used. Influence of vehicle speed, longitudinal, lateral and spin creep and shape of the contact ellipse is also considered. The method was validated by comparisons with measurements as presented in application examples.