Kinetic analysis of positive nonlinear effects ((+)-NLE) for dimeric rather than trimeric nature of binaphthol-derived titanium (BINOL–Ti) catalyst

Kinetic analysis of nonlinear effect in enantioselectivity is employed to show that the rate of glyoxylate–ene reaction is a function of catalyst enantiomeric excesses and oligomeric nature of the binaphthol-titanium (BINOL–Ti) catalyst and that the BINOL–Ti catalyst exists as dimeric species.