A concise methodology for the synthesis of (−)-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and (−)-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin metabolites and their regiospecifically deuterated analogs

The availability of tetrahydrocannabinols (Δ9-THC), tetrahydrocannabivarins (Δ9-THCV), and their metabolites in both their undeuterated and deuterated forms is critical for the analysis of biological and toxicological samples. We report here a concise methodology for the syntheses of (−)-Δ9-THC and (−)-Δ9-THCV metabolites in significantly improved overall yields using commercially available starting materials. Our approach allowed us to obtain the key intermediates (6aR,10aR)-9-nor-9-oxo-hexahydrocannabinols in four steps from (+)-(1R)-nopinone. This was followed by an optimized Shapiro reaction to give the (−)-11-nor-9-carboxy-metabolites, which were converted to their respective (−)-11-hydroxy analogs. The synthetic sequence involves a minimum number of steps, avoids undesirable oxidative conditions, and incorporates the costly deuterated resorcinols near the end of the synthetic sequence. This methodology enabled us to synthesize eight regiospecifically deuterated (−)-Δ9-THC and (−)-Δ9-THCV metabolites in a preparative scale and high optical purity without deuterium scrambling or loss.