Solubilities in Ionic Liquids and Molten Salts from a Simple Perturbed-Hard-Sphere Theory

In recent years, several publications have provided solubilities of ordinary gases and liquids in ionic liquids. This work reports an initial attempt to correlate the experimental data using a perturbed-hard-sphere theory; the perturbation is based on well-known molecular physics when the solution is considered as a dielectric continuum. For this correlation, the most important input parameters are the hard-sphere diameters of the solute and of the cation and anion that constitute the ionic liquid. In addition, the correlation uses the solventʹs density and the soluteʹs polarizability and dipole and quadrupole moments, if any. Dispersion-energy parameters are obtained from global correlation of solubility data. Results are given for 20 solutes in several ionic liquids at normal temperatures; in addition, some results are given for gases in two molten salts at very high temperatures. Because the theory used here is much simplified and because experimental uncertainties (especially for gaseous solutes) are often large, the accuracy of the correlation presented here is not high; in general, predicted solubilities (Henryʹs constants) agree with experiment to within roughly ± 70%. As more reliable experimental data become available, modifications in the characteristic parameters are likely to improve accuracy. Nevertheless, even in its present form, the correlation might be useful for solvent screening in engineering design.