New electrokinetics tools for studying ageing of ED and NF membrane processes in contact with highly salted solutions from seawater Original Research Article

We report the results of experiments conducted under the well known ACS ED membrane, using the membrane potential technique, in order to obtain the transference numbers of Naʹ and Br before and after lengthy filtration studies using brackish waters from France and Senegal. With a change of the Br transference number from 0.97 to 0.22 during the operation, the membrane charge was reversed due to irreversible adsorption of water resource ions. The same observation occurred for the CMX ED membrane. Then we decided to develop an autopsy approach before chemical or electrochemical modifications in order to adapt the commercial membrane material better to very highly salty water resources.