Towards a better characterisation and understanding of membrane fouling in water treatment Original Research Article

This paper presents two successful case studies where LC-OCD (Liquid Chromatography-Organic Carbon Detection) tool was used to characterise fouling material in membrane processes. It has been demonstrated that this technique combined with other analytical methods is a powerful tool to identify species responsible for fouling, understand membrane fouling mechanisms and therefore provide solutions to prevent or/and minimise fouling.