No waste, but a resource: Alternative approaches to urban sanitation in Ethiopia Original Research Article

To overcome the drawbacks of conventional sanitation systems, new approaches to sanitation are necessary. Human faeces and urine as well as greywater represent potential resources requiring efficient management. Thus, source-separating systems, which safe water and allow the recycling of nutrients to agriculture, can provide an alternative. These systems can even be integrated into multi-storey houses, therefore addressing the need for resource-efficient sanitation in new condominium housing programmes. Several urine-separating facilities are implemented in Ethiopia showing a high acceptance by their users. The cost comparison between source-separating systems and the conventional system for condominiumhouses shows an advantage for the new approach due to savings of water for toilet flushing as well as reduced costs for the treatment of the mixed wastewater in septic tanks. The use of human urine as fertiliser in several trials resulted in significant benefits in terms of improved crop growth.