Flexible graphite as a heating element Original Research Article

Flexible graphite is an effective heating element. It provides temperatures up to 980 °C (though burn-off occurs in air at 980 °C), response half-time down to 4 s, and heat output at 60 s up to 5600 J. The electrical energy for heating by 1 °C is 1–2 J in the initial portion of rapid temperature rise. The temperature and heat output increase with decreasing thickness and with increasing power.