Deposition of few layer graphene nanowalls at the electrodes during electric field-assisted laser ablation of carbon in water

We have observed the nucleation and growth of carbon nanowalls at the electrode surface during laser ablation experiments conducted in water under the presence of an electric field. The nanowalls consist graphene sheets (2–6 layers) in a flower-like arrangement which uniformly cover the whole electrode surface. The deposition mechanism and the role of the plasma-produced carbon species are discussed.