Preparation of sulfur-doped microporous carbons for the storage of hydrogen and carbon dioxide Original Research Article

Structurally well ordered, sulfur-doped microporous carbon materials have been successfully prepared by a nanocasting method using zeolite EMC-2 as a hard template. The carbon materials exhibited well-resolved diffraction peaks in powder XRD patterns and ordered micropore channels in TEM images. Adjusting the synthesis conditions, carbons possess a tunable sulfur content in the range of 1.3–6.6 wt.%, a surface area of 729–1627 m2 g−1 and a pore volume of 0.60–0.90 cm3 g−1. A significant proportion of the porosity in the carbons (up to 82% and 63% for surface area and pore volume, respectively) is contributed by micropores. The sulfur-doped microporous carbons exhibit isosteric heat of hydrogen adsorption up to 9.2 kJ mol−1 and a high hydrogen uptake density of 14.3 × 10−3 mmol m−2 at −196 °C and 20 bar, one of the highest ever observed for nanoporous carbons. They also show a high CO2 adsorption energy up to 59 kJ mol−1 at lower coverages (with 22 kJ mol−1 at higher CO2 coverages), the highest ever reported for any porous carbon materials and one of the highest amongst all the porous materials. These findings suggest that S-doped microporous carbons are potential promising adsorbents for hydrogen and CO2.