Modulation and acceleration of anomalous protons in the outer heliosphere Original Research Article

A comprehensive time-dependent modulation model including particle drifts, enhanced perpendicular diffusion, a solar wind termination shock (TS), and a heliosheath is used to study the acceleration and modulation of anomalous protons in the outer heliosphere. It is shown how the spectral forms of the accelerated anomalous protons at 90 AU change for the two heliospheric magnetic field polarity configurations during solar minimum conditions. Further, it is shown how these shocked spectra are modified and modulated in the outer heliosphere if the compression ratio of the TS was changed. The compression ratio is found to be by far the most dominant modulation factor.