Solar cycle variation of the monthly median foF2 at Chongqing station, China Original Research Article

Hourly values of the critical frequency of the ionospheric F region, foF2, obtained at Chongqing ionospheric observatory (geographic 29.5°N, 106.4°E), China, during the interval of 1977–1997 have been used to investigate the dependence of the monthly median foF2 on solar activity and geomagnetic activity. The results of the present analysis show that there is a significant nonlinear relationship between monthly median foF2 and sunspot number R especially at daytime in each month and nighttime in summer. Furthermore, introducing geomagnetic index Ap further improves the description of variation of monthly median foF2, and the standard deviations decrease also dependently on time and month. Thus the complex influence of solar activity and geomagnetic activity may be approximately expressed by a general multiple nonlinear function at Chongqing station, China.