A modified Wacker catalysis using heteropolyacid: Interaction of heteropolyanion with Cu(II) in cyclohexene oxidation Original Research Article

Palladium(II)-copper(II)-heteropolyacid catalyst system for the Wacker type oxidation of cyclohexene to cyclohexanone was studied. Addition of heteropolyacid to chloride ion-free Pd(II)single bondCu(II) catalyst system resulted in great increase of catalytic activity in cyclohexene oxidation. A catalyst system of Pd(NO3)2single bondCuSO4single bondH3PMo12O40 combination showed much higher activity and selectivity compared with Pd(NO3)2single bondCuSO4 or Pd(NO3)2single bondH3PMo12O40 combination. The spectroscopic changes of the heteropolyanion species in the catalytic systems were monitored by IR, UV-Vis and ESR methods. The spectroscopic data supported the existence of the interaction between Cu species and heteropolyanion. The interaction was proposed to be related with the electron transfer and di-oxygen reduction for the facile re-oxidation of Pd(0) to Pd(II) in the catalytic reaction cycle.