Characterization and hydrodesulfurization activity of CoMo catalysts supported on boron-doped sol–gel alumina Original Research Article

A series of hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts was prepared by impregnation of Co and Mo on sol–gel B–Al2O3 supports with B/Al ratios of 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.20, 0.32, 0.49, and 0.61. The thiophene HDS and dibenzothiophene (DBT) HDS activities were both maximal for the catalyst with B/Al = 0.04, with respective values 70 and 42% higher than those for an industrial reference catalyst. These maxima in HDS activity correlated with the previously reported presence of isolated BO4 surface species. These BO4 species were responsible for a local maximum in the acidity of the B–Al2O3 supports when B/Al = 0.04. In contrast, the formation of mixed oxides (A9B2 and A2B) or B2O3 that also resulted in enhanced acidity of the B–Al2O3 supports had a detrimental effect on the HDS activity.The 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) HDS activity over the CoMo/B–Al2O3 catalysts decreased when the B/Al ratio was increased. This was attributed to the strong direct desulfurization character of the CoMo catalysts supported on the B–Al2O3 supports, because high hydrogenation ability toward the Cdouble bond; length as m-dashC double bonds is essential prior to sulfur removal from 4,6-DMDBT. The excellent performance in the thiophene and DBT HDS of the CoMo/B–Al2O3 catalysts is particularly useful for ultra-deep HDS of light fractions.