A finite element approach to dynamic modeling of flexible spatial compound bar–gear systems

A new approach is developed to model dynamic behaviors of spatial bar–gear systems with consideration of the stiffness of link, gear, and shaft. This approach is based on a specific finite element theory that has been very successful in dynamic modeling of flexible spatial link mechanisms over the last two decades. In particular, a new type of element in consistence with this specific finite element theory is developed in this paper, which completely describes the deformations of the spatial motions of a pair of spatial gears and their various types of gear errors induced by manufacturing and assembly processes. The approach is validated by comparison of the simulated results with the experimental results reported in the literature. Some new findings useful for designing bevel gear systems are also reported based on the simulation studies.