Metrological systems for monitoring two-phase cryogenic flows Original Research Article

The designed, manufactured and certified devices and metrological systems to control the thermodynamic state of two- and single-phase cryogens are presented. These systems and the developed methodology provide an accuracy of calibration not more than ±5 mK for resistive temperature sensors in the range from 1.5 to 300 K and ±1.5% or less for radio frequency void fraction sensors intended for helium, hydrogen, nitrogen and others. The thermodynamic diagram temperature–dielectric permittivity for helium is presented as well.