Chromium(VI) reduction in a membrane bioreactor with immobilized Pseudomonas cells

Chromate reduction was studied in a membrane bioreactor under action of Pseudomonas bacteria immobilized in agar–agar films on the surface of synthetic membrane. Immobilized cells are protected from the excessive toxic action at high chromate concentration that improves cell activity compared with free cells. Almost complete chromate reduction was observed at stepwise introducing of chromate in feed solution allowing maintenance of optimal chromate concentration. Reduction is suppressed by high metabolite concentrations, which reached on the sixth step of chromate adding in studied system. Cell ability to reduce chromate is restored after changing of feed and receiving solutions allowing remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated water in semi-batch operation of membrane bioreactor.