A three-dimensional analysis of the universal beam tandem rolling process: Part II: Stress analysis

An equilibrium slab analysis has been constructed based on velocity fields presented in a companion paper. The analysis has been used to obtain estimates for the horizontal and vertical roll separating forces, and the rolling torque required by the universal beam tandem rolling process. In particular, the twist-rolling pattern of the flange is taken into consideration, along with the role of forward and backward tensions. The calculations based on this model are time-efficient and exhibit good convergence. Simulated roll torque and separating forces show the proper trends with backward and forward tensions, with quantitative predictions generally within 5% of experimental values.