The development of integral hydro-bulge forming (IHBF) process and its numerical simulation

The integral hydro-bulge forming (IHBF) technology of spherical vessels has achieved an increasing application in a variety of fields. Recently IHBF has been extended into the forming of an ellipsoidal shell, the center part of a container head shell and a ring shell. In this paper, the process, application, development and numerical simulation of IHBF are discussed.