Characterization of deformation stability in hot forging of conventional Ti–6Al–4V using processing maps

The deformation behavior of Ti–6Al–4V alloy under hot compression conditions was characterized in the temperature range 850–1000 °C and strain rate range 0.001–10 s−1. Processing maps were generated using the dynamic material model (DMM), unifying the relationships between constitutive deformation behavior, hot workability and microstructures evolution. Stable deformation regions were defined by Malas’ stability criteria. The processing maps obtained at different strains were implemented onto the user-subroutine of DEFORM-2D. FE simulation was carried out to evaluate the flow and microstructure stability for Ti–6Al–4V pancake forgings. The prediction of stability and instability in forged workpieces was in good agreement with the microstructures of hot-forged Ti–6Al–4V pancakes.