A simple volume loss recovery scheme in non-steady state metal forming analysis by the rigid–plastic FEM

As regards the rigid–plastic finite element method (FEM), in order to recover the volume loss and thus to maintain the volume constancy within an allowable amount even for a relatively large increment at one calculation step, a simple computational scheme has been proposed. The principal idea and the formulation for FEM are presented. Two simple upsetting problems are solved to verify its effectiveness. The proposed scheme removes drastically the volume loss deterioration within a satisfactory accuracy of volume constancy.