The drawing of conical cups using an annular urethane pad

The effectiveness of the friction-actuated blank-holding technique with its three distinct variations for the drawing of cups of different shapes has now been well established. Continuing on the research with this method, presently conical copper cups have been drawn using a hollow pad. Using the measurements of strain and thickness variations on the cup wall, the quality of the cups drawn has been evaluated. Microstructural changes and hardness values along the cup wall have also been monitored. Results from the experimental investigations conducted are presented in this brief note.