An extended arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian finite element modeling (X-ALE–FEM) in powder forming processes

In this paper, a new computational technique is presented based on the extended arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian finite element model (X-ALE–FEM) in plasticity forming of powder compaction. An arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) technique is employed to capture the advantages of both Lagrangian and Eulerian methods and alleviate the drawbacks of the mesh distortion in Lagrangian formulation. In order to remove the limitation of the mesh conforming to the boundary conditions in this process, the extended finite element method (X-FEM) is implemented by incorporating discontinuous fields through a partition of unity method. The implementation of X-FEM technique in the framework of ALE model is finally presented in modeling of a shaped tablet component.