Swaging process of power steering hose: Its finite element analysis considering the stress relaxation

Rubber layers in the power steering hose display the stress relaxation after the swaging forming load is released. This paper presents the nonlinear finite element analysis of the swaging process of the power steering hose by considering the stress relaxation in terms of a Prony series expansion. Numerical results illustrating the theoretical work confirm that the stress relaxation of rubber layers cannot be ignored for the reliable numerical simulation of the swaging process.