Effect of strain rate on the forming behaviour of sheet metals

The strain rate dependence of plastic yield and failure properties displayed by most metals affects energies, forces and forming limits involved in high speed forming processes. This paper investigates the influence of the strain rate on the forming properties of one laboratory made and three commercial steel grades: a CMnAl TRIP steel, the ferritic structural steel S235JR, the drawing steel DC04 and the ferritic stainless steel AISI 409. First, split Hopkinson tensile bar (SHTB) experiments are carried out to assess the influence of the strain rate on the materials’ stress–strain curves. Subsequently, the obtained SHTB results, together with static tensile test results, are used to model the constitutive behaviour of the investigated steels using the phenomenological Johnson–Cook (JC) model and the Voce model, thus allowing dynamic modelling of forming processes. Finally, forming limit diagrams (FLDs) are calculated using the Marciniak–Kuczynski method. The results clearly show that the effect of the strain rate on forces and energies involved in a forming process, and the forming limits is non-negligible and strongly material dependent.