A computational fluid dynamic analysis of the effect of side draughts and nozzle diameter on shielding gas coverage during gas metal arc welding

Extensive experimental trials were conducted, emulating the conditions modelled, in order to validate the computational fluid dynamic results. Final results demonstrated that a more constricted nozzle was more effective at creating a stable gas column when subjected to side draughts. Higher shielding gas flow rates further reduce the gas columnʹs vulnerability to side draughts and thus create a more stable coverage. The results have highlighted potential economic benefits for draught free environments, in which, the shielding gas flow rate can effectively be reduced.