3D filling simulation of injection molding based on the PG method

Injection molded parts with three-dimensional complex geometry, like thick or nonuniform thickness configurations, are widely used today, which boosts the need for 3D simulation replacing the 2.5D model. However, finite element methods of 3D simulation present numerical spurious oscillations, which give an unsatisfactory result associated with the classical Galerkin formulations of Navier–Stokes equations. The Streamline-Upwind/Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) and Pressure-Stabilizing/Petrov-Galerkin (PSPG) methods were employed in this paper to prevent the potential numerical instabilities, by adding the weighting functions with their derivatives. Stabilized finite element formulations using equal-order interpolation functions for velocity and pressure were thus obtained. Numerical examples show that the developed numerical algorithms perform stable and give accurate results by comparing with the well-known commercial software Moldflow.