On the isovector channels in relativistic point coupling models within the Hartree and Hartree–Fock approximations Original Research Article

We investigate the consequences of Fierz transformations acting upon the contact interactions for nucleon fields occurring in relativistic point coupling models in Hartree approximation, which yield the same models but in Hartree–Fock approximation instead. Identical nuclear ground state observables are calculated in the two approximations, but the magnitudes of the coupling constants are different. We find for model studies of four-fermion interactions occurring in two existing relativistic point coupling phenomenologies that whereas in Hartree the isovector–scalar strength αTS, corresponding to δ-meson exchange, is unnaturally small, indicating a possible new symmetry, in Hartree–Fock it is instead comparable to the isovector–vector strength αTV corresponding to ρ-meson exchange, but the sum of the two isovector coupling constants appears to be preserved in both approaches. Furthermore, in Hartree–Fock approximation, both QCD-scaled isovector coupling constants are natural (dimensionless and of order 1) whereas in Hartree approximation only that of the isovector–vector channel is natural. This indicates that it is not necessary to search for a new symmetry and, moreover, that the role of the δ-meson should be reexamined. This work presents the first comparisons of naturalized coupling constants coming from relativistic Hartree and relativistic Hartree–Fock solutions to the same Lagrangian.