Knowledge updates: Semantics and complexity issues Original Research Article

We consider the problem of updating of an agentʹs knowledge. We propose a formal method of knowledge update on the basis of the semantics of modal logic S5. In our method, an update is specified according to the minimal change on both the agentʹs actual world and knowledge. We discuss general minimal change properties of knowledge update and show that our knowledge update operator satisfies all the update postulates of Katsuno and Mendelzon. We characterize several specific forms of knowledge update which have important applications in reasoning about change of agentsʹ knowledge. We also examine the persistence property of knowledge and ignorance associated with knowledge update. We then investigate the computational complexity of model checking for knowledge update. We first show that in general the model checking for knowledge update is image-complete. We then identify a subclass of knowledge update problems that has polynomial time complexity for model checking. We point out that some important knowledge update problems belong to this subclass. We further address another interesting subclass of knowledge update problems for which the complexity of model checking is NP-complete.