Upper bound limit and shakedown analysis of shells using the exact Ilyushin yield surface

This paper concerns the development of a kinematic formulation for the finite element limit and shakedown analysis of shells. The technique is based upon an upper bound approach using the re-parameterized exact Ilyushin yield surface and a nonlinear optimization procedure. The solution of the problem is obtained by discretizing the shell into finite elements. Numerical examples are presented to show the validity of the present method.