Polymer chain conformation in the phase separation process of a binary liquid mixture

A polymer chain conformation change near the critical point of liquid–liquid phase separation was investigated. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) labeled with a small amount of carbazolyl group for a fluorophore (P(NIPA-Cz)) was prepared. A ternary system of P(NIPA-Cz)+cyclohexane+methanol was investigated by the fluorescence spectroscopic technique. A mixed solvent of cyclohexane+methanol (CH/MeOH) shows phase separation at the upper critical solution temperature. Light scattering intensity, fluorescence emission intensity and fluorescence anisotropy ratio, as a function of temperature, were measured with quasi statically approaching to the critical demixing point. The fluorescence intensity of the carbazolyl groups attached to the polymer chain decreases with approaching to the critical temperature. This result suggests that the radius of gyration of the polymer decreases upon approaching to the critical demixing point of the solvent. We discuss the collapse and aggregation processes of the polymer based on the fluorescence quenching method. The rotational diffusion coefficient of carbazolyl groups attached to the polymer chain was estimated by the fluorescence depolarization technique. The rotational motion of carbazolyl groups is slowed down upon approaching the critical point.