Heat transfer enhancement by using CuO/water nanofluid in corrugated tube equipped with twisted tape

Heat transfer enhancement by using CuO/water nanofluid in corrugated tube equipped with twisted tape is presented. The investigated ranges are (1) three different CuO concentrations: 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7% by volume (2) three different twist ratios of twisted tape: y/w = 2.7, 3.6 and 5.3 (3) two different arrangements of twisted direction of twisted tape relative to spiral direction of corrugated tube: parallel and counter arrangements, and (4) Reynolds number from 6200 to 24000. The results achieved from the use of the nanofluid and twisted tape, are compared with those obtained from the uses of nanofluid alone and twisted tape alone. The experimental results reveal that at similar operating conditions, heat transfer rate, friction factor as well as thermal performance factor associated with the simultaneous application of CuO/water nanofluid and twisted tape are higher than those associated with the individual techniques. Evidently, heat transfer rate increases with increasing CuO/water nanofluid concentration and decreasing twist ratio. In addition, the twisted tape coupled with corrugated tube in counter pattern offer higher heat transfer performances than the ones in parallel pattern. Over the range studied, the maximum thermal performance factor 1.57 is found with the use of CuO/water nanofluid at concentration of 0.7% by volume in corrugated tube together with twisted tape at twist ratio (y/w) of 2.7 (in counter arrangement), for Reynolds number of 6200 where heat transfer rate and friction factor increase to 2.67 times and 5.76 times of those in the plain corrugated tube.