From model studies on Au(1 1 1) to working conditions with unsupported nanoporous gold catalysts: Oxygen-assisted coupling reactions

The fundamental principles derived from model studies on metallic gold single crystals for oxygen-assisted reactions provides a framework for understanding nanoporous gold–silver alloy catalysts under working catalytic conditions (ambient pressure, moderate temperature). The mechanistic principles for reactivity obtained from fundamental studies guide the understanding of reactivity and selectivity for oxygen-assisted self-coupling and cross-coupling reactions of alcohols on the catalytic materials. Furthermore, current results coupled with recent reports regarding the activation of nanoporous gold provide insight into the activation/deactivation of these catalysts and the challenge of maintaining sustainable reactivity. Finally, new fabrication methods and developments for gold-based nanoporous alloys with Cu, Pd, and Pt show that complementary reactivity and new properties are possible through these materials.